Theory Of Personality Development Essay Example for Free

Theory Of Personality Development EssayIntroductionPersonality development according to famous theorist Monique Laberge is the development of the nonionic pattern of behavior and attitudes that make a person distinctive. It includes the development of beliefs, moods an behavior that differentiate among the people. These unequa take attributes may result from a persons unique experiences or because of his experiences shared with others. The combined effect of heredity and environment causes these attributes (Sturt Mary, 1999). Identical twins brought up together are more likely to show resembling patterns of behavior than the identical twins reared apart. (Environment)However even twins reared apart are more similar than siblings who are not twins. (Heredity)Early Work by Sigmund FreudThe best known theory of personality development certain from the works of Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis. Freud believed that personality has three basic components- the id, the eg o and the super-ego. Libido is the fundamental energy that provides the psychic energy for the achievements of goals. According to Freud sex and aggression are the only two drives and everything we do is motivated by one of them (Sturt Mary, 1999).Sex, also c eached Eros or spirit force drives people to live , prosper and produce transferspring Aggression, also called Thantos or death force, stresses on the need to stay alive and to stave off threats to our existence. Id is the devil on your shoulder. Super-ego is the angel on your shoulder Ego has to maintain a healthy balance between the two which it does with the help of defense mechanisms that is to say denial, displacement, Intellectualization, projection, rationalization , reaction formation, regression, repression, sublimation and suppression.Freud proposed that development of personality advanced through psycho-sexual spots.- the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the period of latency and genital stage The genital stage is reached through the onset of adolescence. This is the final stage of development. Libidinal energies are re-aroused and the man-to-man attempts to achieve adult sexuality. But if there have been difficulties in the earlier stages, the vainglorious and receiving of adult love may be difficult or impossible to achieve (Sturt Mary, 1999).Carl Jung Theory of Personality DevelopmentAfter Freud several other theories were developed by his associates or later psychologists. They are often referred to as Neo-Freudian theorists and prominent among them are Carl Jung, Alfred Adler and Eric Eriksson. Carl Jung differed with Freud in many aspects. Jung gave more importance to current events rather than to puerility experiences. In his opinion social motives are far more important than sexual drives. His Analytic Theory also emphasized on spiritual of necessity and thoughts of future. Jung also differed with Freud in the conception of the Unconscious(Sturt Mary, 1999).Carl Jun g focused on understanding the psyche of an man-to-man through the dreams, mythology, religion, arts and philosophy. Carl Jung is credited to be the pioneer of four mental concepts in personality development, which are widely taught in universities today(Sturt Mary, 1999).The ArchetypeThe collective UnconsciousThe ComplexIndividuationThe Archetype The hero archetype was first describe by Carl Jung and it straight away originated from his understanding of various cultures. According to Jung each culture have heroes those who have extra-ordinary powers to do extraordinary tasks(Sturt Mary, 1999). He further elucidated on it by explaining an individuals urge to be larger than life and he finds rest in those heroes archetype. It is no surprises that after these revelation, Super Man one of the biggest comic of all time published. The comic took clue from Jung study and captivated the hearts and minds of people from all cultures.The Collective UnconsciousThe collective unconscious mi nd is one of the first things which led the differences between Freud and Jung. Unlike Freud, Jung believed that unconscious is more complex than just sexual motivations and aggression(Sturt Mary, 1999). As per Jung there are fears, anxieties etc which are common across cultures and they hugely function the making of a personality.The ComplexThe complex self is best defined by Jung as the suppressed or repressed aspect of an individuals conscious self. He categorized them into Constructive and Destructive types(Sturt Mary, 1999) Constructive It represents hidden positive affect or influence on an individual.Destructive It represents the side an individual doesnt want to recognize in himself.IndividuationJung explained Individuation as a summons of growth and maturation which comes in an individual during the course of life. It is the process where he can detach from the inner self and find meaning in life.Process of Personality Development as per Carl JungAccording to Jung each individual have an introvert and extrovert side and which side dominates the other influences the personality of an individual. As per Jung the conscious side helps an individual to adapt and orient while the unconscious self help in reacting or behaving in the particular manner. Jung categorized the behavior into four categories sensation, thought, feeling and intuition(Sturt Mary, 1999). He further defined that feeling and thinking is rational and comes with conscious side while intuition and sensation are irrational and originates from the unconscious.BibliographySTURT, MARY OAKDEN, E C (1999) Modern Psychology and Education A Text-Book of Psychology for Students in Training Colleges and Adult Evening Classes. Published by Routlege ISBN 0-415-21009-7