Alberto Ginastera

Alberto Ginastera was an Argentinean music composer born in 1916 to an Italian mother and Catalian father in Buenos Aires and died in 1983. He is a legendary classical music composer in the Latin America whose artistic skills cannot be matched with that of other artists of his time.He is known for setting up a dance and music conservatory at Buenos Aires and forming an organization, the International Society for Contemporary music where he became its secretary general. He is also credited for his ability to integrate current music composing techniques into the old Argentinean folk music. This research paper is going to specifically focus on the life of Ginastera and will in-depth discuss about his career achievements and why he is popular.Ginastera developed his interest in music at quite a tender age and achieved much while he was still a child for example, he entered the conservatory when he was twelve but this was not without some influence from other artists such as Schoenberg, B artok and Stravinsky (Sadie 231).He made significant artistic work that was capable of making him a winner of various awards such as the Argentine School Song Award, three municipal prizes, National Fund for the Arts Annual Award, Bicentennial Cinzano Award and the three municipal prizes. He composed all genres of music be it operas, orchestra, violin concerto, piano work, choir works among others something that made him a true representative of Argentinean musical nationalism.In 1941, Ginastera was able to secure himself a job in Buenos Aires at the National Conservatory and the Liceo Militar. In 1942 he received funds to go to the United States from Guggenheim fellowship but his plan was impeded by the Second World War but nevertheless, he was able to produce a lot of great works like the Twelve American Preludes which was played in 1944 and another one which was a dedication to all those who perished in the fight for freedom called Elegiac Symphony that was played in 1944 (Way, J oseph).In 1945, he entered into politics and together with other Argentine intellectuals signed a manifesto aimed at protecting human rights and democratic principles but because of his involvement in anti fascism politics, he was fired as the conservatory’s director in 1952.After Peron regime was overthrown in 1955, he was reinstated as the director but resigned in 1958 to become a director of the Catholic University’s Facultad de Ciencias y Artes Musicale something that helped him to revisit the United States where he performed his second quartet in 1958 (Sadie 228)One of his works to come to the public domain was known as the score for the ballet Panambi which was conducted by Juan Jose Castro and was a five movement orchestral suite that was first introduced in Buenos Aires on 27th November 1937. The second widely recognized and an award prize winning (Association Wagneriana) piece of work was the ballet with choreography produced in 1940s (Sadie 228).In this piece of work, Ginastera tried to harmonize his primitive rhythm with modern technology something that skyrocketed his prominence long before he would graduate but the one that gave him an international recognition was the first Quartet which was played in Frankfurt’s International Society for Contemporary Music and the 1958’s outstanding work as a German critic termed it entitled the Second String Quartet that was performed in Washington DC by Juilliard Quartet (Sadie 227-229).According to Elena Dabul, he classified his classical music into three categories that were determined by the use of the music he composed. The three categories were; Objective nationalism which was a period between 1934 and 1948 where he dealt with music concerning Argentinean cultures and produced works like the 1941’s wheat dance, the land workers and ballet Estancia which was all about Cattle ranch’s life. In making Estancia dances, Gisele Ben-Dor preferred the second thoughts expre ssed in Ginastera’s Panambi suites to Andrei Borejko’s Largo Label.Her performances were different fro that of other artiste as they would last a minute longer. The other category was Subjective nationalism which started from 1948 to1958 where he detached himself from traditional popular elements and took no revolutionary moves or position. It is during this period that he produced his masterpiece, the first String Quartet where he would use rhythms to create folk-like songs.The third and last category is the Neo-expressionism that is from 1958 all the way to1983 where he performed works like the second String Quartet which was done in 1958, the 1961’s Concerto for Piano and Orchestra, operas, Don Rodrigo and Bomarzo operas of 1967 (Compositores and Interpretes).Ginastera in an interview in 1962 referred himself as a slow composer because he would take quite some time to think about his music before he would compose it, a period he referred to as gestation and t he one according to him the moment which was the most trying is when it came to translate the intellectual ideas into something tangible which he likened to a child birth. Unfortunately, not all music that he composed was released to the public for example the Duke of Bormazo because of its provocative nature was banned.The Argentinean president banned the opera on grounds that it portrayed sexual obsession however, the opera was reproduced in 1968 in New York. Contrary to the expectations of many, the same work would make him an international figure for example the opera Bormarzo (Sadie 229).Alberto Ginastera an Argentinean music composer was a prominent figure in his days and was able to make music with a difference something that made him to be known internationally. He composed music of all genres thereby becoming a representative of Argentinean music nationalism. Though his music moved with times, not all of his recordings were made public as some were considered extreme and un fit for the public. Some of his work of art includes the Bomarzo operas, the Piano concertos and the First and the second string quartet.Works cited:Elena Dabul. Alberto Ginastero. Accessed at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://members.tripod.com/~ostinato/ginas.htmlCompositores and Interpretes. Alberto Ginastero. 2004. Accessed from http://www.ciweb.com.ar/Ginastera/index2.phpSadie, Stanley Ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 7th Edition,    Macmillan Publishers Limited.1980.Way, Joseph. Alberto Ginastero (1916-1983). Sierra Chamber Society Program Notes. 2000. Available at http://www.fuguemasters.com/ginaster.html  

How did government affect agriculture Essay

The period of 1865-1900 was classified as an era of Republicans, where laissez-fare governments favored big businesses. Technology was significantly evolving, focusing mainly on urban manufacturing. New technological advancements in farming were sold to the farmers at high prices and shipped at high freight rates. Also, the prices of cash crops dropped during this period, causing many farmers to live in poor conditions. In government, the power of urban industry and big businesses overcame that of the pro-farming politicians. Technology, government policy, and economic conditions effectively declined agriculture politically, industrially, and economically. Impediments such as industrial issues, poor representation in government, and waning agricultural prices that the farmers were forced to face, made agriculture suffer greatly during the late 19th century. During this period, the U.S. was technologically evolving at a rapid rate. New inventions and advancements made life easier for the working class. Railroads, after spreading all over the nation, made any part of the country accessible and expanded the national market. Document B displays that the years 1870-1890, the number of railroads in the nations increased massively. Also, the number of railroads with major land grants grew as well. At first glance, this change seems to have benefited the farmers, but actually did the opposite. It is true that railroads allowed the farmers to expand and have a way to ship their harvest and cattle a lot faster to more markets. However, greedy men like Cornelius Vanderbilt controlled the railroads. Extremely high freight rates made the farmers lose more than they expected. Likewise, the cost of shipping, taxes, low buying prices, overproduction, and cost of equipment, the farmer gained a mere profit. The technological advancements did make farming easier, but often were too expensive for the farmer to afford. In document D, a farmer during a wheat harvest preferred to use a team of about 30 horses instead of the possibly motorized mechanical harvester. New agricultural technology didnt help much or not even as effective as old methods and also was too expensive so farmers chose to stick with the old methods. Technology seemed better when looked at, but not in reality when it was put to use. This is an example that can be characterized by the era named by Mark Twain, The Gilded AgeThe nations government policy at the time was laissez-fare or hands-off government. The  Republicans were in power during this period and favored industry and the big businesses. Consequently, farmers had a poor representation in government both in-state and nationally. Agri cultural process was made, but still were limited gains. For example, a law was carried through the Illinois legislature and then Supreme Court to limit the freight rates and it was passed (Document C). As you can see, it was a small victory for the farmers and others, but still limited to only Illinois. Furthermore, the ones that contributed to the growth of agriculture were those part of the Populist party. The party consisted of people who favored the rights of the farmers. Several organizations were established to favor the farmers. For example, the Grangers and the Farmers Alliance were organizations that allowed its members that shared common goals to organize and unite. In document G Mary Elizabeth Lease delivers a speech to the people, telling them that the government lied to the people and deceived them. She proves her argument with the crop price reductions and claims of overproduction. Also, the government had problems dealing with the Indians and the settling of agricultural acres for Americans (Document I). A huge controversy during this period was the issue of the gold vs. silver standard. The Populists of course wanted the silver standard, for inflation and to flood the economy. This would help out the farmers and miners out west. William Jennings Bryan claimed that the country depended on farmers and without them the country would fall. Also, that the country should be in favor of the farmers because they provide for the nation and are more important than the cities (Document J). The hand-off policy of the Republicans did not allow for much improvement of the nations economy and even let it suffer as did the farmers. Not only did the farmers suffer, but as well as the whole nation because of presidents such as Grant and Hayes. Economic conditions for the farmers were poor and no one was there to help them. The farmers tried, but could not gain the silver standard they needed to improve their positions and finance themselves. Moreover, the big businesses and pro-wealthy Republicans were in the way of the farmers and holding them back. In document A, one can see that as the farmers produced more and more to make more money, the price of the crop dropped as well, thus, leading to overproduction and loss of money. Even if the farmer was  successful, he would have to give up his success to the government and railroads with more power in the industry. Nevertheless, on occasion contracts were signed, for example the one in North Carolina shown by Document E where the farmer would sign away half of his net proceeds, leaving him with hardly anything. The farmer was left crippled in a nettlesome cycle. Many times, the cattle and crops were shipped to far away markets such as Chicago, and the transit fare would increase as the distance increase (Document F). This struck hard at the pockets of the farmers. Many farmers were left to starve, out of work, and poor. Additionally, the poor weather such as hail would ruin the crops or the businessmen would take the crops (Document H). Consequently, the economic conditions did not favor the farmer, even though they provided for the nation, they were ruined by the people they help feed. This period part of the Gilded Age, America suffered because of a weak government policy and the big businesses had the real power. Unfortunately, the farmers were struck with the negative side effects that occurred from all this. American agriculture greatly declined, even though at first it seemed to have been benefited, it was industrially, politically, and economically destroyed and left in a tormenting cycle.

Financial Statement Review Essay

What is the net income for the current fiscal year? Is it up or down from the prior year? Why would this information be important to investors? The total consolidated net income for Fiscal Year 2015 is $17,099 million dollars. This is amount is up from the previous Fiscal Year (2014) which had a consolidated net income of $16,695 million dollars. This information can be found on page 38 of the Walmart 2015 Annual Report. This information would be of importance to investors because it indicates whether the company is prospering financially and generating revenue. What is the ending balance in stockholders’ equity? Why would a labor union potentially be interested in this information? The ending balance in stockholders’ equity is $323 million dollars. This information can be found on page 40 of the Annual Report. This information would be of potential interest to a labor union because it provides information that could be used in determining labor rates, work salaries, and employee benefits. What is the total value of assets? Why would this information be important to a potential creditor? The total values of assets is $101,381 million dollars which can be found on page 60 of the Annual Report. This information would be of importance to a potential creditor because it provides an indication of whether the company would be able to repay any accumulated debt. It also provides a picture of how liquid those assets might be. What is the total cash flow from operation? The total cash flow from operations is $17,099 million dollars which can be found on page 41 of the Annual Report. What financial statement user would find this information most important?

Religion and Theology - Christian Denomination Essay

Religion and Theology - Christian Denomination - Essay Example The Seventh-day Adventist Church originated in the Millerite Movement 1832-1844 in which the Second Coming of Jesus Christ is proclaimed to occur. William Miller, a Baptist minister heralded the Great Awakening which spiritually revived Christendom in North America. After the crushing Great Disappointment, when Christ does not appear and a significant Millerite following falls away, â€Å"many nevertheless remained Adventists since they believed the second coming is still imminent†. A remnant of Protestant Christians perseveres in studying the Bible and meeting for regular Sabbath services. In 1860 at Battle Creek, Michigan, they give themselves the denominational name, Seventh-day Adventists, to signify their distinguishing beliefs: the seventh day Sabbath and the soon, second return of Christ. In the organizational framework comes into place when local congregations expand into conferences which are incorporated as the General Conference of Seventh day Adventists in 1863. Ot her notable early Adventists are Joseph Bates, James White, Uriah Smith, Hiram Edson and J.N Andrews. The current membership of Seventh-day Adventists worldwide stands at 12 million (Seventh-day Adventist General Conference Session 2005; Rhodes 27) Christian Denomination: The Seventh-day Adventists The authority of the Seventh-day Adventist Church is hinged on the Bible as the rule of standard and is resident structurally in the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. The spiritual authority of the Seventh day Adventist Church resides in the Bible which is regarded as â€Å"the infallible revelation of (God’s) will† (General Conference of Seventh day Adventists 9). However, as far as organizational structure is concerned, the General Conference is the highest authority as â€Å"all subordinate organizations and institutions will recognize the General Conference as the highest authority under God among Seventh-day Adventists† (General Conference 2005). All SDA subsidiary conferences, missions and institutions operate under the aegis of the General Conference. Spearheaded by a President elected every quinquennium, and located in Silver Spring, Maryland, the General Conference orchestrates the international functions of the Church. Another noteworthy authority of the Seventh-day Adventist Church is Ellen G. White, (1827-1915) one who relayed to the early church with messages from God. Based on the belief of the spirit of prophecy, Seventh-day Adventists endorse Ellen G. White’s writings as inspirational, prophetic and truth. Ellen G. White was a prolific author and visionary that composed more than forty books, entered about 50,000 articles and letters (White). Her writings are mentioned as Spirit of Prophecy books. The General Conference advocates the â€Å"promoting, the purchase and reading of Spirit of Prophecy books for personal and spiritual development and nurture† (General Conference 2005). White’s literary expositions of counsel on a wide range of subjects such as health, education, family, prophecy and church organization are undisputed as a Church authority and â€Å"her writings †¦considered by church members to be authoritative† (Rhodes 2005). Worship within the Seventh day Adventist church belongs to the God and Creator of heaven and earth. It takes place in the daily life of every believer and culminates in the observation of the seventh-day Sabbath. Seventh day Adventist believers realize that â€Å"the Sabbath worship service is the most important of all meetings of the

Fine art in the age of mass media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fine art in the age of mass media - Essay Example Instead of using the necessary creativity and innovation which is often attributed to beginning artists, the work of Hirst has begun to work with the celebrity status expectations that are a part of the artwork. Biography of Hirst Hirst was born in 1965 in Bristol, England where he began to study art. His first exhibition was in 1988 while studying at Goldsmith College. The student exhibition, known as Freeze, led to immediate recognition and still remains in an exhibition in London. The concept was associated with contemporary artists forming a group to show the main ideologies of what it meant to be a part of the modernist styles of visual arts. His first solo exhibition was held in 1990 and 1991 at Woodstock Street Gallery, called In and Out of Love. This led to different groundbreaking feature showings, such as the 1992 Young British Artists exhibition at Saatchi Gallery. This exhibition led Hirst into fame with gaining the Tate Gallery Turner Prize as well as the coveted award i n 1995. The recognition has now allowed Hirst to move into international recognition with showings in Soho New York as well as in locations such as Hong Kong, Rome, Athens, Geneva, Paris and Los Angeles. He is known for spot and spin paintings as well as medicine cabinet sculptures and glass tank installations (Hirst, 2011). The instant recognition of Hirst and the movement into specific types of paintings has also led into areas of fame which continue to push Hirst forward with his known works. He has been featured not only in a variety of galleries but is also continuously being noted in the press for his innovations and new works. Some leading areas of recognition include his interview with Charlie Rose, features in the New York Times and recognition by established artists in various network communities. The recognition is also continuing to extend with the press releases and different statements being based on Hirst being one of the most recognized contemporary artists, specific ally because of the conceptualism and the developments which are associated with his different pieces of art. The concepts which are often affirmed to Hirst are his innovation, unique approaches and the realism that is in the artwork created. Each of these are continuing to gather him press and recognition among contemporaries that are based in different locations globally (Jones, 2011). Today, Hirst is one of the most recognized and controversial artists of Britain. The question being raised is not only based on the fame and recognition that continues to steer the career of the artist and the works which he continues to create. The techniques, implication of craft and the development of works by Hirst are also raising questions about where art begins and ends. Many contemporary critics are stating that the works of Hirst are only for popularity and recognition in the name while lacking the intricate qualities of modern art and developments which are required. This is combined with the questions of whether it is art or only for popularity, specifically because of the continuous similarities in themes and the lack of innovation which most believe is a part of the work. Hirst is continuing to be controversial because of republishing the

Case study of Aetna 2000 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of Aetna 2000 - Case Study Example been purchasing a new business, thus, expanding its range of operations, and in turn having a variety of services in the healthcare sector with its various health products. They also offer a range of financial products and services. The company, due to its acquisition of a number of businesses, operates internationally and even provides pension services. The company is considering reorganizing its structures so that the health services will be grouped as global health, and the financial services will be grouped as global financial. This will facilitate efficiency and cost effectiveness in the company due to the sharing of resources for both local and international operations, as well as the use of technology. Through this, quality will be achieved in the company’s operations. Due to the procedure of its operation and those of the newly purchased businesses, the company is facing so many legal issues, with the government finding out that it is operating against what is legally recommended for such operations. After acquisition of Well Point Inc. business, Aetna went into an agreement to purchase other businesses dealing in insurance products, yet the businesses were operating as non-profit ones yet Well Point is a profit making business. This means that Aetna did not expect to make any profits from the acquisition. The company was involved in the provision of managed health care services. It is provided that for any loss of life, such businesses will be liable, and with this being a law within the nation, the business was obliged to ensure that no loss occurs to their client so that they are not held liable. There has been an increase in the cost of health care in the nation with a very high percentage. This has affected the company because just like other companies in the organization, they are committed to enhancing a reduction of the cost for the benefit of their clients, which may results to a decline in profitability. There is increased competition from

Contract & Purchase Negotiation Creating a Deadlock Flinching Essay

Contract & Purchase Negotiation Creating a Deadlock Flinching - Essay Example Deadlocks in negotiations can be overcome through the set aside tactic; changing the mood from competitive or resistive to cooperative; introducing deadlines; changing the negotiating team to find conforming match to other party or to ease emotional baggage etc. Flinching is a manipulative tactic used by offerees in contract negotiations. No matter how sweet an offer is, offerees would act indignantly to conceal their joy as way to convince the offerors that their offer or proposal is not sufficiently good. Flinching can take such forms: gasping for air suddenly, shaking of the head and visible expressions of shock, disappointment, and surprise. However, as offeror you can overcome flinching technique by sticking to your initial request and avoiding statements such as, lets now look the costs because they can force you into concessions. On the other hand, offerees can neutralize ‘flinching’ by using questions to get to the bottom of the proposed terms to determine if the other party is trying pulling a fast one or is being honest with the stated

P2P Bit Torrent (Torrents) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

P2P Bit Torrent (Torrents) - Assignment Example This makes it easy for people to download popular and huge files, like television programs and videos in a manner much faster than other protocols (Jagadeesh, 2012). When a person opens a web page and clicks on a link, he will have initiated a file download to the computer. Web browser software on the computer which serves as the client, tells the server (computer holding the required file) to transfer a copy of the file to the computer. The rate of transfer is affected by numerous dynamics, including the protocol type, the level of traffic from the server and the number of computers requesting the same file. If the file is both extensive and popular, a great demand is placed on the server and the download from the server (Kayne, 1). P2P File sharing is different from convectional file downloading. In P2P sharing a software program is used rather than a web browser, to locate computers with the required file. For the reason of these computers being typical and not acting as servers, they are referred to as peers. A user runs a P2P file-sharing program and a computer and sends out a request for the files the person wants to download (Utorrent, 2013). When the torrent client locates the computer with the required file on its hard drive, it initiates the download process. It is also possible for others using the same torrent client to obtain files they want from another person’s computer that has just downloaded the new file. This is referred to as seeding. The load of the file transfer is distributed among the computer that is exchanging the files. Some people choose to download files and once a download is complete, they terminate the torrent client connection. This is called leeching. This puts a limit on the number of computers that the software can search if a file is requested (Jagadeesh, 2012). Downloading different partitions of the file simultaneously helps to solve a common

Key Skills Statement Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Key Skills - Personal Statement Example I did not arrive in the meeting place with only an idea of the project but with a properly-researched topic. The first meeting for example, I already had the idea on what I want and yes, how I would do it. In that way, I did not have a hard time explaining to my mentor my ways and means for the project. More than just knowing what I wanted to do for the research paper, I also had the inkling on what the topic is about and how I would gather facts or information for the project. The advantage for this was that the mentor for his part knew specifically how he would correct me in the plan that I presented. The flow of the conversation was also clear and uninterrupted. The second meeting where we talked of my completion of the gathering of information and my working halfway also became fruitful. He did not expect a totally completed project, however, with the help of a list containing updates on my completed research in word format made it easy for him to critique what I have done and therefore, it also became easier for him to suggest new ways of improving the process. The third meeting where I considered the grandest because it entailed the biggest preparation became a challenge. Of course, I did not come out with unfinished project. I came out with my masterpiece, a presentation of my hard labor with the complete information and explanation on the topic that I chose, that was the sign of my preparation. One of the factors that helped me discuss properly the project with my mentor was proper questioning. It became very significant because that was where my doubts and the unknown information of the next step got answered. I would like to illustrate the meaning and significance of questioning through the exact words of Owen Hargie (2003) from his book entitled "Skilled Interpersonal Communication: Research, Theory, and Practice" page 116. "The question is a key constituent of the DNA of interactional life. In our communication courses we use an exercise in which we ask four volunteers to come to the front of the class. We then instruct them to carry on a conversation about 'the events of the week'. The only rule is that no one is allowed to ask a question. Two things happen: first, the interaction is very stilted and difficult; second, someone very quickly asks a question." The mentioned statement above tells exactly of the power of questions as the main helper to getting work done. And because questions are mainly any statement that attracts answers, it doesn't mean that all questions had to be said. Some of them can be heard in a simple "hmmm' or a simple pause. This is also called the non-verbal questioning which can be said to be the automatic signal to uncertain questions or simple hesitation to raise questions. During our discussion, nonverbal questions were unavoidable. There were times when I hesitated to directly state my case of doubt on a topic but it sure could be read from my eyes and simple remarks like what I mentioned a while ago. Nodding of the head is another example of these nonverbal acts (O. Hargie, 2003, page 116). But then again, from the discussion that we had, what is certain to have made great advantage was the direct questioning where it addressed specific questions on the technical part of the project. My questions for my mentor were not the only time that I had to use the process. I also had to use it to my interviewees so I could gather information.

The Methods of Statutory Interpretation Available to the Judiciary Essay

The Methods of Statutory Interpretation Available to the Judiciary - Essay Example The primary rules are the mischief rule, the literary and the golden rule. The judiciary also uses what is referred to as the purposive approach and typically enter the statutory interpretation process based on a set of presumptions.4 This research study analyses how the judiciary uses these rules, presumptions and the purposive approach for maintain consistency in the application of statutes. Presumptions The judiciary applies presumptions to guide them in the construction of statutes. There are essentially six main presumptions used by the judiciary. The first well known presumption is the presumption that penal laws are interpreted â€Å"strictly in favour of the citizen†.5 In R v Cuthbertson the House of Lords construed the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in favour of the defendant. Under the 1971 Act, forfeiture was permitted in respect of any items the court felt were related to the offence. However, the House of Lords rules that since the provision did not state conspiracy to commit the offence, but rather specified the actual offence, forfeiture would not be permitted for a conspiracy offence under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.6 Other important presumptions include the presumption that statutes are not meant to alter the common law; statutory criminal offences are typically require the mental element of mens rea; Parliament does not intend to usurp the court’s jurisdiction; and statutes do not have â€Å"retrospective effect†.7 There are also a number of linguistic or language-based presumptions used by the judiciary in the interpretation of statutes. For example, the maxim noscitur a sociis dictates that words â€Å"take meaning from the context†.8 The maxim noscitur a sociis was applied in Muir v Keay in relation to the construction of the Refreshment Houses Act 1860. Under the 1860 Act houses to which the 1860 Act referred were house that provided refreshments, resort and entertainment to the public. It was held that entertainmen t in the context of the 1860 Act could not refer to theatre or music but rather applied to refreshment, reception and accommodations.9 Another instructive maxim related to the language of a statute used by the courts as a guide for the interpretation of statutes is expression unius exclusion alterius which means that: The express mention of one member of a class by implication excludes other members of the same class.10 For instance should a statute use the word â€Å"land† it can be assumed that land includes mines. However, if the word is grouped together with other words such as â€Å"lands, houses and coalmines† it can be assumed that the word land does not refer to any other mines aside from coalmines.11 The maxim ejusedem generis is also used by the judiciary as an aid in the interpretation and application of statutes by reference to the language used. The maxim ejusdem generis presumes that where a statute provides a list of specific words, any general term appe aring at the end of the list will be interpreted by reference to the list of particularized words.12 Maxims are methods of linguistic interpretation that help the

Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Philosophy - Assignment Example I asked him if he had ever been discriminated against in any way. He said yes, saying that he was often discriminated against because of his race, but more so in public and on the streets than in a work setting. Finally, I asked Mark if he had ever defended himself or someone else against discrimination. He said that when the opportunity arises for him to say something in his or someone else’s defense, he takes it. He further went on to say that he does not want to always open his mouth because he wants to avoid arguments that may arise from his defense. Mark seemed to be against every form of discrimination, believing that everyone deserves a chance to be treated equal, regardless of their race, gender, or sexual orientation. He also acknowledges that while the majority of people have made attempts to live without discrimination, there are still many that believe that they are better than others because of their gender or race. I was pleased to hear that he tries to defend himself and others when possible, and was further pleased when he said that he tried to avoid arguments, as they could only worsen the situation. Lillian is a 26 year old white female. When I asked her if she believed if racial equality exists in our country, she responded by saying not entirely. She went on to explain that while many people treat others equally, there are still incidents that involve the mistreatment of others because of their skin color. I then asked her if gay couples should receive the same treatment and benefits as heterosexual couples, to which she responded with a yes. She believes that if gay couples love the same way as heterosexual couples then they should be allowed the same benefits. I asked Lillian if she thinks that women are treated equally in our society. She simply said no, saying that most people that treat women equally are only doing so

The Nature of Nursing Practice Essay Example for Free

The Nature of Nursing Practice Essay Nursing practice, like medicine, is also governed with ethical principles by which they are expected to perform their duties. Indeed, the moral sense of their duty lies with in this context of ethical considerations which according to Anne Bishop and John Scudder is â€Å"to lift out the moral significance of their practice and to develop facility in understanding how to fulfill the moral imperatives in their practice† (2001, p. 13) Bishop and Scudder contends that the moral issue in nursing ethics â€Å"concern with relationship of good in the sense of attentive, efficient, and effective with good in the personal sense† (2001, p. 19). It means of understanding the ways of the practice of nursing and employing them to foster welfare of the patient. Graham Rumbold in his book, Ethics in Nursing, pointed out that nursing evolves as a distinct profession from a medicine. He said, â€Å"Nurses no longer see themselves as handmaidens to the doctor but, at the very least, partners in care and at best practitioners in their own right† (Rumbold 1999, p. 9) Patricia Cronin and Karen Rawlings-Anderson citing Pierson (1999) pointed out that nursing practice, education and research has been significantly influenced by Cartesian philosophy. They state, â€Å"Nursing using the conventions of Cartesian philosophy would be able to describe, explain, predict, and control the phenomena of concern in nursing practice† (Cronin Anderson 2004, p. 10). Regarding the practice of nursing, William Cody pointed out that the nurse â€Å"is obligated to practice in such a way that seeks to avoid harm and to benefit the patient† (2006, p. 139). Cody said good nursing is more than a cluster of technique in that it involves a commitment to a moral end and is directed and judge by the end. George Khushf emphasized that nursing practice must be governed by ethical behavior and described the good nurse as â€Å"an individual who was virtuous and who followed certain rules in caring for the sick† (Khushf 2004, p. 490). Khushf pointed out that the ethical behaviors that were expected of the nurse, included loyalty, modesty, trustworthiness, obedience, promptness, quietness, cheerfulness, and deference to authority figure (2004, p. 490). Louise Rebraca Shives that the ANA or the American Nurses Association identified four primary principles to guide ethical decisions; â€Å"The client’s right to autonomy, the client’s right to beneficence, (doing good by the nurse), the client’s right to veracity (honesty and truth by the nurse), and the ethical principle4s of fidelity or the nurse faithful duties, obligations, and promises when providing care† (Shives 2006, p. 52) But nurses’ responsibility extends beyond their hospital duties. Sarah T. Fry argued, â€Å"Practicing nurses are also responsible for working within the professional organization to establish and maintain equitable social and economic working conditions in cursing† (Fry 2002, p. 136). Fry stressed that nurse collaborates with co-workers in bringing social and economic concerns to the awareness of employers and the members of the community, even if this means to participate in organized labor demonstration. Despite of the importance of the nursing practice in hospitals, nurses may also be at great risk of being sued if one appears oblivious or unresponsive to the needs of the patient, the family, or both.   Charles Sharpe pointed out, â€Å"The practitioner who attempt to care too much† (1999, p. 42). He emphasized that the conscientious, dedicated nurse who oversteps the limits of his clinical skills, training, and professional knowledge in providing what may well be meticulous care, places him or her self and the patient in jeopardy (Sharpe 1999, p. 42). Susan Westrick Killion and Katherine Dempski stressed that â€Å"when a nurse’s professional negligence rises to the level of reckless disregard for human life the nurse may face criminal charges of negligent homicide or manslaughter† (2006, p. 9). Work cited Bishop, AH Scudder, JR 2001, Nursing Ethics: Holistic Caring Practice, Jones Bartlett Publisher, Massachusetts, USA. Cody, W 2006, Philosophical and Theoretical Perspectives for Advanced Practice, Jones and Bartlett Publisher, Massachuserrs, USA. Cronin, P Anderson KR 2004, Knowledge for Contemporary Nursing Practice, Elsevier Limited, London, UK. Fry, St 2002, Ethics in Nursing Practice: A Guide To Ethical Decision Making, Blackwell Publishing Company, Oxford, UK. Khusf, G 2004, Handbook Of Bioethics: Taking Stock of the Field From a Philosophical Perspective, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Massachusetts, USA. Killion, SW Dempski K 2006, Quick Look Nursing: Legal and Ethical Issues, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Massachusetts, USA. Rumbold, G 1999, Ethics in Nursing Practice, Elsevier Limited, Philadelphia, USA.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sharpe, C 1999, Nursing Malpractice: Liability and Risk Management, Green Wood Publishing Group, USA. Shives, LR 2006, Basic Concepts of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.

Impact of Oil Spills on the Environment

Impact of Oil Spills on the Environment Oil Spills and Our Environment[MB1] Oil spills have been a major environmental concern when it comes to humans, land and water, aquatic and wild life. Oil can be detrimental to both humans and animals. An oil spill is liquid petroleum that is released into the environment. This happens because of human activity and it is pollution. The word describes aquatic oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters (epa.earthday). These spills may happen on land, as well. When oil is spilled on water it becomes hazardous and endangers our environment and our aquatic ecosystems. The way it pollutes our land is through our resources from our land and the organisms that live below the Earth’s surface. Oil spills are capable of destroying the very life forms that are associated with our food resources. Our environment can be impaired by the physical damages oil causes when animals come into contact with it. The animals can get coated with oil, and with oil being so toxic, it is capable of poisoning organisms that become open to the elements. Oils are not all the same. They have differences, and those differences are petroleum based or non-petroleum based. Oils can have different chemical make ups that give them unique physical distinctiveness. Oils that are Petroleum based can be different varieties of natural hydrocarbon based elements and process petroleum effects. These distinctions will affect the way t hat oil expands and separates. It is good to know the type of oil that one is dealing with because this can help to associate the hazardous dangers that the oil is capable of posing to human and aquatic life. There is also a likelihood that oil is capable of posing a threat to natural and man-made resources, as well (epa). Oils can cause immediate and long-term harmful effects on the environment. They can pose a danger and be deadly to our wildlife. Non-petroleum oils have the capability to diminish the oxygen needed by our aquatic organisms, foul aquatic life, and the feathers of wildlife. Birds can lose their feathers from oil, and the feathers are a vital part of their protective covering. When birds come in contact with oil, it puts the birds in danger of freezing to death or suffocate their embryos. When birds get drenched in oil they transfer oil from the feathers to the eggs. When ingested by fouls through eating, oil can kill them. Some of the other effects of spilled oil on birds and other wildlife consists of suffocation, dehydration, drowning, or starvation. The non-petroleum oils have similarities to petroleum-based oils but they do differ. One of the similarities is that they are both soluble in water and it is limited. Both oils create oil slicks at the surface of water. They both develop mixtures of different substances and sludge’s which looks muddy. Although, non-petroleum oils are known to linger in the environment for a long time. It is also good to remember how they have catastrophic effects on birds and mammals (epa.gov). Immediate response is a necessity when rescuing birds and aquatic mammals. This procedure is not done by just anyone, therefore, training is needed. In order to rehabilitate our oiled wildlife can be a complex procedure. Those who volunteer for this cause must be trained properly, and commit themselves to correctly documented procedures thoroughly, and avoid taking any shortcuts. Also, there must be communication with other agencies in order for the wildlife rescue operation to be a success (greenlivingtips). When birds are brought to the facility oil is flushed from its eyes and intestines immediately. The workers examine to see if they have broken bones, cuts, or other injuries. If the birds that come in have a lot of oil on them, that gets wiped with cloths that absorbs and removes the oil blotches. They are also administered oral medicines that coat their stomachs in case of ingestion. This prevents any other oil to get absorbed into the birds stomach. Once all this is done, the bird is then warmed and isolated within a silent area. In the area where wildlife is taken, curtains are hung around them to limit their contact with humans. Because nutrition is very essential for the recovery of oiled birds, sometimes they must be forced fed until they are able to feed themselves. Once the bird is responsive, stable, and alert, they softly rub a detergent into the bird’s feathers to remove the oil until the oil is gone. Then the bird is rinsed and cleaned and put in a clean, warm, hol ding pen that is covered with curtains. If the bird’s behavior seems normal during observation, then the bird is allowed to swim. They allow this so the bird can preen and realign its feathers. This action restores the feathers to their original structure and helps the bird to become water resistant. The waterproofing test is done prior to freeing a bird back into its natural habitat. They will not release the bird unless it is capable of floating and keeping the water away from its body. This procedure is quickly done because it is toxic the birds and can kill them (greenlivingtips). The Oil Experiment Materials My Prediction Conclusion cotton Will soak up the oil but not be able to clean the oil Oil Spread to cotton and it did not clean up the oil plastic Will get oily and will not be able to clean the oil Plastic became oily and did not clean up the oil newspaper Will soak up the oil but will not be able to clean the oil Oil soaked in paper and it did not clean up the oil paper towel Will soak up the oil but will not be able to clean the oil Oil soaked in paper and it did not clean up the oil feather Will get drenched in the oil, will not be able to clean up the oil Feather became drenched in oil and it did not clean up the oil cotton material Will soak up the oil but will not be able to clean the oil Oil soaked in cotton and it did not clean up the oil nylon material Will become oily itself but will not be able to clean the oil Oil soaked in nylon and it did not clean up the oil string Will get drenched in oil not be able to clean the oil String too small became oily and it did not clean up the oil Dish detergent Dawn Should break down the oil It cleaned up the oil The Conclusion of the Experiment The oil was not easy to clean, although Dawn dishwashing liquid seemed to have the capabilities of breaking the oil down. When I added the oil to the water, the oil floated on the surface of the water. I expected that much because I have seen this before. What I didn’t expect was the fact that the cotton didn’t clean it completely. The oil in water was very difficult to clean up with all my materials except the dawn dish detergent. The material that absorbed the oil the best was the cotton, but it didn’t clean it. It just soaked some of the oil up or expanded it, I’m not quite sure. The material that absorbed the oil the least was the plastic, and the rest of my materials didn’t work either. I used the generic dollar general brand of paper towel. When I used dawn dish detergent, it worked. Oil Spills The Exxon Valdez oil spill is much considered to be the most disastrous oil spill in the world, but as far as the worst environmental disaster in history it doesnt even rank among the top fifty of the recorded largest oil spills. As far as being the oil spill having the worst environmental impact on a region, Exxon is acknowledge. The oil spill caused approximately 11 million gallons of oil to escape from a tankers hull, and it still continues to have an effect on the area. The Alaskan waters known as Prince William Sound has never been the same once the ship hit Bligh Reef (Lovgren). Late at night, on March 24, 1989, a tanker called the Exxon Valdez swerved from the shipping lane in Prince William Sound, Alaska to avoid icebergs and crashed on Bligh Reef. This event was one of the largest oil spill from a vessel in US history at that time. Succeeding spills have leaked out much more. In 1978, four-hundred million gallons of oil was spilled along the coast of Mexico. Another time was 1978, sixty-nine million gallons were spilled by the tanker Amoco Cadiz off Brittany, France. In 1967, a tanker named Torrey Canyon off the English coast spilled thirty-eight million gallons. The tanker Metula in the Straits of Magellan, in 1973, was where sixteen million gallons of oil were spilled. As a result of these oil spills and others, there has been a considerable effort by government, academic and industry scientists to understand the fate and effects of petroleum in our Earth’s waters. One good piece of news that did occur was in 1985, when the National Research Coun cil had reported that they didn’t find any evidence that proves that our oceans environments are threatened by the oil spills. Although, it is still a concern. Petroleum inputs from accidental oil spills were found to be less important contributors to the annual input of petroleum to the aquatic environment than chronic discharges from the urban runoff, industrial waste, and transportation activities. Petroleum, which we now know is one of our natural elements has been naturally discharging in our water in great amounts at many oil outflows around the world. Although, the aftermath of oil spills can be harsh, our natural environment produces effective natural processes that will recovery our environments of most of our oil spills (Alaska). The BP Oil spill was due to an explosion of a rig in the Gulf. There were significant factors prior to the destruction of the drilling of the rig that should have been considered, which was a lack of risk management, at the time. It was a sad time in America from businesses to families and the economy in general. It was said that the incident was an â€Å"accident waiting to happen† (epa.bp). The engineers had identified seven fatal defects that led to the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. It was a series of errors that were made by people in critical situations involving complex technological and organization systems. Because of this, it created critical lessons that were learned. It has also given them insights on how to prevent this from happening in the future (epa.bp). The incident lead to the improved risk assessments, and more beneficial regulatory oversight. It called for safer operating procedures and fast crisis response time. The accident was a detrimental and severe lesson learned. Eleven workers lost their lives and seventeen others were injured. The oil spill damaged the economy and environment of the entire Gulf Coast. The laws made changes that will reduce the chances of these tragedies occurring again. These regulation were put in place for both deep-water drilling and high technical and risky industries (oceanworld). The Exxon Valdez leaked out almost eleven million gallons of oil in the pristine Prince William Sound. The oil spread to 1,300 miles of shoreline. The oil spill killed hundreds of thousands of aquatic and wildlife. The difference with the Gulf of Mexico spill is that the oil rig exploded and killed eleven of the workers and produced the largest oil spill in U.S. history. According to NOAA, an estimated two-hundred and ten thousand gallons of oil were leaking oil out of the remaining ruptures in a day. Eleven million gallons spilled by the Exxon Valdez in 1989 in June (greenlivingtips). Environmentalists are working on the long-term environmental impact reduction goals for the areas of energy conservation, resource conservation, and pollution prevention. As far as short term goals are concerned, environmentalists are working hard to advance the broader use of renewable sources of energy, while monitoring and maintaining the carbon footprint of the Earth in hopes that it will be at a m inimum. We can’t completed eliminate all the bad elements in our atmosphere, but we can work together to minimize the issues of concern. A development of a hydraulic fracturing fracking technology is underway, in order to help them obtain accessibility to our natural gas that formerly found to be unreachable (mcclatchydc). Since the BP oil spill, the Environmental Protection Agency has put orders in place that monitor air, water, sediment, and wastes that are produced by the cleaning processes. They will continue the continued response and renovation attempts as well. The government has put a main goal in place too restore and maintain our waters, while providing several causes of action that will be enforceable by the United States in order to  promote the goals. For instance, civil and criminal penalties are put in place as provisions. The CWA has put civil penalty provisions associated  with oil spills and this will provide that penalties recovered under the Clean Water Act must be deposited into the Oil Spill Liability  Trust Fund. Therefore funds will be available in the future or ensure that there are available funds for clean-up, response, and restoration efforts for future oil spills (epa.bp). EarthDay EarthDay is an important day to remember. It will be celebrated on April 22, 2014. This date is the anniversary of the environmental movement of 1970. Gaylord Nelson is the founder who came up with the idea. He was a US Senator in Wisconsin at the time. He witnessed an oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. In his eyes that oil spill was major issue and concern. He waited until an opportunistic time to voice his opinion on the incident. At the time Nelson was trying to find a way to get the news out, there had been a student anti-war movement taking place as well. That is when Mr. Nelson came up with the idea to stimulate the energy given about the war and emerge it with also making the public aware of the water and air pollution, in hopes that it would enforce protection for the environment, and it did. In the end, everyone came together to assist in the cause, and this action led to the four major changes; creation of the EPA and the passage of the Clean Water, Clean Air, and the Endangered Species Act (epa.gov). On April 22, more than a million Americans performed a demonstration on the streets and parks, and held gatherings from the East coast to West coast. They were fighting for the cause, such as, against pollution from factories, power plants, toxic dumps and raw sewage, freeways, and pesticides and most of all the lost that it has caused to the wilderness. Needless to say, in the end he won. Nelson and his followers worked hard to get the government’s attention to environmental issues, and when they did, it was the beginning of the environmental movement. The Environmental Protection Agency was formed on Dec.2, 1970. It was put in place to consolidate a variety of federal research, standard settings, and monitoring, and enforcement activities to ensure that the environment sustains protection for present and future generations The outcome is for Americans to have a cleaner and healthier environment (earthday). The EPA work intensely to make sure everyone is complying to keep the environment clean and free from destruction, and holds those responsible if they are not complying. Because of Earthday, regulations in the Cleveland, Ohio area was forced to clean up the lakes and make sure that there is no hazardous and dangerous elements that can destroy our aquatic life, animals, and human life. Earthday protects our environment and promotes sustainability for our Earth for the future generations to come. It makes us accountable and responsible to keep our environment clean and safe for all living organisms (epa.earthday). I can do my part of protecting our earth by going green. At home, I recycle and utilize bio-degradable products. I will not pollute our waters with pollutants, nor the land. At home I learned to use water, dawn dish detergent, and boiling water to break down cooking oils after cooking so the oils do not build up. At work, I can use less paper products and ride bus to work. During recreation time, I will make sure that I continue to use green products and keep our environment clean from trash and other things that may hurt our environment. [MB1

Japan and America History and Culture Comparison

Japan and America History and Culture Comparison Janette B. Perez Comparing a Culture and its Education:Â  The Correlation of the Two: What Prevails? The United States of America is a country that is largely populated by immigrants, and the culture is heavily influenced by the many groups of people that now make up the country. Culture could be defined as the characteristics and knowledge shared by a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Acculturation however, refers to the development between two or more different groups of people meeting and exchanging aspects of their culture. With time an individuals personality may transition based on the different variables that may be affecting it and that plays a pivotal role in acculturation. Would you say that being forced to change your lifestyle from one moment to the next affect your personality? During World War II, Japanese-Americans were evacuated and were forced out of their homes by the War Relocation Authority; having to live apart from what they knew could have changed some parts of the culture they ha d been brought up with, including their education. Although, each person may aspire different goals in regards to their education, during the World War II era, Japanese-Americans had to adapt to the conditions in the relocated facilities and the educational programs provided to them. Meanwhile many Japanese-Americans were also dealing with a clash of culture between these two countries. In this research paper, I will summarize and critique each article, one on the education systems of Japanese-American relocation centers during World War II and the other on the culture of Japanese-Americans and their acculturation to the United States; many conclusions can be obtained and compared from both of the articles mentioned that will proof whether there is any correlation between culture and instruction. To start off article one, keep this in mind: What is the difference between culture and acculturation? Furthermore, how are these related or can the two morph to form to make an individual transition into something new. Acculturation of Personality: A Three-Culture Study of Japanese, Japanese Americans, and European Americans This article begins with the question: Does an immigrants personality change when he or she moves from one culture to another? There is definitely an underlying idea in this sentence that will help us explore the remaining of the article (Gungor et al., 2012). Can culture shape the personality of a person or vice versa; can personalities be molded far enough to were the culture in a particular group of individuals becomes something entirely different or does it change only to a certain extent. To answer these questions a three-culture study between Japanese, Japanese-Americans, and European-Americans was conducted to show if there was any evidence that a strong-rooted culture like that of the Japanese immigrants could be influenced thus causing change in Japanese-Americans after being in contact with the American Culture and how it would differ. The researches chose to focus on Japanese-Americans because the personality patterns in their culture of origin (Japanese Culture) are very different to that of European-Americans showing obvious contrast if change occurs, for example, when compared on Big Five personality dimensions, higher levels of Openness to Experience, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness and lower of Neuroticism have been found to characterize the personality patterns of mainstream European and North American societies as compared to those of Asian and African societies (Gungor et al. 2012) In order to establish credibility, participants were selected very carefully and included, 57 mono-cultural Japanese women (strong-rooted in their culture of origin), 40 Japanese-American women(first generation), and 60 European-American women (culture of destination). The examination showed the groups levels of the Big Five qualities mentioned. The differences and similarities between the three cultures were calculated and documented. It was concluded that over time through involvement and exposure to mainstream culture in the United States an immigrants personality seemed to become more American and less Japanese. Something to note about this research is that it is very well categorized from beginning to end with each paragraph containing a specific title explaining the questions this experiment is trying to find answers to, as well as how the method was performed. The article is structured to primarily help us better understand the dilemma faced by the authors, followed by their hypothesis in how the culture of origin of an immigrant can slowly transition into the culture of the location they are exposed to. Finally, it demonstrates the outline of the experiment, including how the participants were selected, why those conditions were chosen, the results of the study, how thee were calculated, and the translation of them followed with the physical evidence of the research. I believe that the authors made incredible points of focus that were explained thoroughly and supported with the results. Not only did they use the research that they conducted as the main source of evidence, but also backed-up there results with similar studies conducted by other scientists to proof that this experiment can have a broader audience and that the material is relevant and truthful. Overall, research was conducted well the specifications of the participants selected had to keep in mind the two cultures compared and see how it differed in three characterized individuals. To determine culture of origin fifty seven women were selected from Tokyo, Japan-through a survey this cultures Big Five was calculated into a number. On the other hand, sixty women from another metropolitan area were surveyed to portray the Big Five in European-American. The samples surveyed were targeted to be as close as possible in terms of age range, social status, and their contributing roles in soc iety in order to maximize comparability and find the acculturation factor (Gungor et al. 2012). In an effort to demonstrate that over time personalities change due to exposure to the mainstream culture (in this case European-American culture), the first generation Japanese-American subjects selected for the study were slightly older than the other two categorized groups; however, their social statuses and roles were kept very similar. The final results portrayed that in fact, there is a correlation between the time spent by Japanese-Americans, and the age at which they were exposed to a new destination and the American culture. This experiment concludes that culture of origin diminishes over time and culture of destination grows. Continuing into the second article, it is important to note the following: The decision to evacuate the entire Japanese-American community during World War II was unprecedented and executed quickly. In addition to being secluded from their homes and communities, how do these circumstances affect Japanese and Japanese-American daily lives, including their education. The Education of Japanese-Americans, 1942-1946 During World War II many events impacted the entire world and in the 1940s the United States of America was not the exception. President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared that the day of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, would live in infamy. This attack fully propelled the United States into the ongoing world war. During the spring and summer of 1942, the United States executed, in a surprisingly short amount of time and without conflicting events, one of the largest controlled migrations in history. The operation was carried out by the United States Army and the War Relocation Authority. An estimated 120,000 people of Japanese descent were moved from their homes and placed into 10 wartime communities located in remote areas between the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the Mississippi River. It was estimated that two thirds of these individuals were American born while the remainder where alien immigrants. Works Cited Cullen, Catherine L. The Education of Japanese-Americans,1942-1946: The Fate of Democratic Reform.American Educational History Journal 38.1 (2011): 197-218. Gungor, D., M. H. Bornstein, J. De Leersnyder, L. Cote, E. Ceulemans, and B. Mesquita. Acculturation of Personality: A Three-Culture Study of Japanese, Japanese Americans, and European Americans.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 44.5 (2012): 701-18. Web.

War of 1812 :: essays research papers

War of 1812: United States Wages War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American Revolution did not mark the end of tensions and hostilities between Britain and the newly independent United States. Neither country was pleased with the agreements made at the conclusion of the American Revolution. Americans were angry with the British for failing to withdraw their British soldiers from American territory and their unwillingness to sign trade agreements favorable to the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The division of land and the loss of the Ohio River Valley left Canada and Britain without access to the valuable fur trade. The Ohio River Valley was full of Amerindians that supported the British during the American Revolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This American resentment grew even more during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802) and the Napoleonic Wars (1803-15). Britain attempted to blockade the entire continent of Europe. France boycotted all British goods in any French territory; France later ordered their ports to any neutral ships that have visited a British port prior to arriving in a French port. Britain then ordered that all neutral ships must dock at a British port in order to acquire a license before traveling to Europe. Americans considered both countries’ actions a violation of their Neutral Rights; however, Britain had the more powerful navy and, therefore, dominated the seas. This created a deeper feeling of bitterness toward Britain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neutral Rights violations did not stop with British and French maritime policies. Many sailors in the British Royal Navy had deserted and immigrated to the United States; they served as sailors on American merchant ships. The Neutral Rights clearly states points regarding naval boarding and seizure: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Belligerents have the right to search for war material on neutral shipping during time of war, but cannot deny the right of trade among neutrals. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Belligerent armies are not to enter or engage in hostilities in a neutral nation and are subject to internment if they do so. Rumors of British Royal Navy ships searching, seizing and impressing British and American citizens from merchant ships ran wild throughout the United States. Impressment refers to the forcing of people into military service. In June 1807, all rumors were proved true; an American ship, the Chesapeake, was fired upon by a British vessel, the Leopard, after refusing to stop. This incident occurred well within U.S. territory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1810, the Non-Intercourse Act expired and Congress created a law that permitted trade with either France or England, whichever nation first promised to stop harassing American shipping.

Comparing the Nomothetic and Idiographic Approaches as They Apply to th

Thesis Statement: The most differences between the idiographic and nomothetic approach are measurements and development. Introduction: In the following essay, we discuss different theoretical perspectives from Nomothetic and Idiographic approach. How they apply to both Personality (pattern of behavior and thinking) and Intelligence (thinking and behavior). Arguments for both sides are base on what psychologists generally use them as, because some might disagrees with the usage of the word nomothetic and idiographic, orientated by Kantian and Wilhelm Windelband. Outline nomothetic, idiographic approach and personality "Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his or her characteristic behavior or thought" Allport 1961 p.18 Psychologists who adopt nomothetic approach are mainly concerned with what we share with others, but differ in degree. Establishing universal laws where all populations are describe and measure on the same set of dimensions and scale, i.e., trait theory. Psychologists, who adopt idiographic approach interested in the aspect of experience over time, discover what makes each of us unique. Theoretically, they can be coherent, because the nomothetic approach also agrees with this 'uniqueness,' as it measures differences in degree. Outline intelligence Psychologists relied on statistical results because it involves vast number of people, making it reliable. Intelligence is a behavior or thinking produced by our personality; some say it is whatever intelligence measures. Intelligent theories also argue if it is a divergent or unity ability, yet some argue about even considering it as a part of personality. Personalities like intelli... ...ctors, not environment. Nomothetic approach suggests that this is because everyone is generally the same. Yet intelligence is poor when environment is poor - idiographic explain this as it stress social influence, but nomothetic would ignore this factor. Conclusion 'The choice between them depends not on which one is right, but what we wish to know' David C. Funder p.518 The two approaches are similar in what they would take into account. It is difficult to draw a clear line just on the theoretical approach. Distinction came from research procedures because it clearly demonstrates the disagreement on the origin for both intelligence and personality. It is as David said 'what we wish to know' is causing differences in what is produce in targeted experiments, it is therefore clearer to see when you look at experiments from two different approach.

To what extent does Soyinka present Jeroboam and his gullible congregation firstly as victims of social forces

To what extent does Soyinka present Jeroboam and his gullible congregation firstly as victims of social forces and secondly, as victims of their own greed and opportunism in The Trials of Brother Jero? â€Å"Human life cannot be represented in a fully or truthful manner without taking account of the pressures brought to bear upon the individual by his milieu, by the particularity of social situation and historical circumstance† John Cruickshank (1969) I have chosen the quote above as a starting point for my essay because I believe that Africa as a continent has seen such extremes of political and social upheaval that to overlook the importance of history, and its affects down the evolutionary scale on the people of Africa, in African literature and particularly in Soyinka's The Trials of Brother Jero would be very wrong. But how far can you make allowances for greed, selfishness and opportunism (which almost every character in the play attributes to) under the assumption that they are just products of the greed, selfishness and opportunism inflicted on the people when colonisation reared its ugly head? by the same token I feel that it is easy for an audience or reader of a play to put characters good or bad points purely down to their ‘character'. When a play write presents you with characters that are so easy to interpret then you have to ask yourself, why? Jero is a prophet, â€Å"by birth and inclination† and this is indeed the first thing we learn about him. The way Soyinka presents him to us is initially set out in the stage directions where Jero is described as â€Å"suave†. Jero's opening line â€Å"I am a prophet†, I feel, encourages the audience to think that maybe a real prophet would be more modest. Jero's direct speech to the audience employs a traditional African style of address that forces an audience to actively analyse Jero's speeches. That said Soyinka does not make it difficult for us to see that Jero is far from being a religious man as he informs us of his betrayal of his previous master for his own personal gain. So why would Soyinka use such a style of address if he did not want to us to analyse something more in the apparent openness of his characters speech? I feel that Soyinka has used this literary tool in order to encourage an audience not to see the truth in the characters (as this is very easy to see) but to think about why they have come to be the way they are. G. N. Ofor (1991) in his essay entitled The Urban Novel: A Historical Experience tells us about social realities of the time prior to colonisation: â€Å"African villagers were noted for their homogeneity and were guided by traditional beliefs and values. Members of the community were very closely bound together and the primacy of the community over the individual was emphasised† I think it is very important that G. N. Ofor chooses to specify that this state was what Africa was like before colonisation as this suggests that things have changed because of colonisation. Certainly in The Trials of Brother Jero the people are guided by traditional beliefs with the characters attending church regularly and Jero being something of an advisor (certainly to Chume anyway) but Jero himself is not guided by the hope of enlightenment or saviour after death, nor is he compelled to help people for the sake of being a kind and generous person. Everything he does, in some way, contributes to his own personal gain, gain of money or respect or personal favours. In the quotation below which is an excerpt from the play Jero finds out that Chume's wife is in fact also his creditor who he has been trying to avoid, and so allows him finally to beat her despite forbidding him not to up until this point. Jero says â€Å"he wants to beat his wife, but I won't let him. If I do, he will become contented, and then that's another of my flock gone for ever. Jero: Ah. That is the only way. But er†¦ I wonder really what the will of god would be in this matter. After all, Christ himself was not averse to using the whip when occasion demanded it. Chume (eagerly. ): No. He did not hesitate. Jero: In that case, since, brother Chume, your wife seems such a wicked, wilful sinner, I think†¦ Chume: Yes, Holy One†¦? Jero: You must take her home tonight†¦ Chume: Yes†¦ Jero: And beat her. You could easily conclude from this that Jero is presented as a victim of his own opportunism or that Jero is an opportunist, I suppose that to consider a character as a victim of anything suggests that we cannot or do not blame them for it; that, from a humanitarian point of view we can empathise with Jero's course of action. But Soyinka does not present to us any signal that Jero has suffered any sort of moral dilemma as he recurrently exploits his congregation. So we need to consider the social forces that might shape the attitudes of the characters in The Trials of Brother Jero The ideological view points detailed in the quotation by G. N. Ofer. Do not apply to the character Jero so Maybe Soyinka chooses not to present Jero in this idyllic image as a remark against such opinions saying that he does not agree that Colonisation is a reason that people in Africa have become more of a capitalist nation like in European society and is making the point that the image of Africans as a tight knit, un-selfish communism never completely existed. In the same essay I quoted from earlier and on the subject of the effects of colonisation, G. N. Ofer goes on to say that: Factors like taxation, a common portable currency, the desire for European goods, the need and the opportunity to make profits contributed immensely to the historic shift from a subsistence economy to a monetary economy. This loosened the co-operative ties binding the individual to his clan and lineage members. † If you read the above quote with reference to Soyinka's character Jero you could certainly see how, perhaps, Soyinka's character Jeroboam is presented as a victim of this new found ethic, catalysed by the influence of Africa's capitalist colonisers. In fact in Soyinka's own words, from an essay entitled from a common backcloth: A reassessment of the African literary Image he writes of â€Å"the European observer† that: â€Å"He still fights a rearguard today. It has grown subtler. Accommodation is his new weapon, not dictation† Soyinka (1988) Accommodation of the African continent or of the minds of the African masses perchance? Chume is another of Soyinka's main characters in the play, an un-educated, naive, gullible, hen-pecked man who relies completely on the ‘help' he gets from Jero. Looking at the play it is easy perceive that Soyinka has presented Chume as a victim. In the excerpt I have quoted below we can see how Chume goes to see brother Jero, desperate to find help for the mental torture he suffers by his nagging wife, Amope; Chume: My life is hell†¦ Jero: Forgive him, father, forgive him. Chume: This woman will kill me†¦ Jero: Forgive him, father, forgive him. Chume: Only this morning I†¦ Jero: Forgive him, father, forgive him. Chume: All the way on my bicycle†¦ Jero: Forgive†¦ Chume: And not a word of thanks†¦ Jero: Out Ashtoreth. Out Baal†¦ Chume: All she gave me was abuse, abuse, abuse†¦ All Chume wants is for Jero to allow him to beat her, just once, but Jero keeps him hanging on saying it is not the will of god. All Chume wants out of life is to have a peaceful relationship with his wife and to gain a better job. Chume is actually under a great deal of pressure to conform to the expectations of his wife and his peer. Amope says â€Å"A chief messenger in the local Government Office – do you call that work? Your old schools friends are now ministers, riding in long cars†¦ † while Jero mocks Chume for his â€Å"animal jabber† he goes on to say that he is â€Å"too crude, but then that is to my advantage. It means he would never set himself up as my equal. † you could argue that any characters desire for monetary gain or a materialistic attitude to life could be seen as a direct effect of the colonisation of Africa. As I have shown in earlier quotations and as I have read so far, it would seem that many of the people who write about the state of the African infrastructure have the opinion that colonisation has been a destructive factor because it imposed the materialistic, dog eat dog attitude of Europe. Many writers believe that the effect of Europe has caused a lack of solidarity between the African masses. It would seem, also that there have been many literary works which satirise this idea, Claude Wauthier (1978) in The literature and thought of modern Africa writes; The tone is just as sarcastic about Europe in the long free-verse poem by the Ugandan Okot p'Bitek, song of Lawino, the bitter-sweet lament of a black woman who is reproached by her husband for being illiterate and not knowing European social manners: My husband pours scorn On black people He behaves like a hen That eats its own eggs. Bearing this in mind it seems as though Soyinka has presented Chume as a victim of the social forces imposed by those around him. He fits perfectly into Eustace Palmer's view (quoted by G. N. Ofor in The essay The urban novel: a Historical Experience) of; â€Å"The rural innocent†¦ who is ignorant of the qualities needed to survive in the hot-house that is the city and who is quite often inadequately equipped, as far as education is concerned, to qualify for the lucrative jobs the city offers. † Palmer (1979) It is interesting to include that G. N. Ofor remarks on the above quote with: â€Å"However it is pertinent to note that without the creation of towns/cities by the colonial administration, there would have been no urban novel. † As for Chume's own greed and opportunism, I think it would be difficult for anyone to argue that a person could be said to be greedy for wanting to live harmoniously with their wife/husband or to want equality. All we know of the rest of brother Jero's congregation is the few people he mentions that he has convinced will become prime ministers of certain states, there is a woman who badly wants children and Jero tell us that the most popular of his prophesies is to tell people they will live until they are 80. As Jero says â€Å"if it doesn't come true, that man doesn't find out until he's on the other side. The last character we meet in the play is ‘member', who aptly becomes a member of Brother Jero's congregation by the end of the play. Jero, at first, attempts to speak to him by pretending he has prophesised the meeting between them. Shockingly the member turns away saying â€Å"Go and practise your fraudulences on another person of greater gullibility† and so for a second it seems as though there may be at least one character that will not fall for the charms of Brother Jeroboam – this is not the case. All it takes is for Jero to say what he wants to hear and he is hooked. Jero tempts him by saying â€Å"And at a desk, in a large gilt room, great men of the land awaited your decision. Emissaries of foreign nations hung on your word. And on the door leading into your office I read the words, minister for war†¦ † Asking god or brother Jero to help people become ministers or heads of state or merely to have a better job or more money seems to go against the true usages of religion, Which I had understood to be performing the will of God (of whichever denomination) and keeping unity between all the people within the culture. It seems to me that Soyinka may be trying to show that while every member of Jero's congregation is manipulated by him they themselves are not completely innocent in their reasons for their faith. Mineke Schipper (1982) in Oral Literature and Total Theatre says; â€Å"In traditional society the religious system determines the cultural unity of the people. Life forces bind man to his past, his present and his future and determine his relationships with gods, spirits, nature and natural phenomena. The unity tends to break down where western influence increases. † It is interesting that the subject of western influence is again considered to be the destructive factor in the lack of unity between the African people. The quotation above suggests that western influences have even meant a breaking down of the unity that religion brings. After having looked at The Trials of Brother Jero, and having discussed the idea of victimisation I can only conclude that human beings, from whatever culture or walk of life, all desire the same basic things – money and material possessions, respect, power and equality (though not necessarily in that order). The idea that has cropped up so often in my essay, that the social forces which work upon the individual and the nation as a whole are a direct effect of colonisation, is probably the most interesting point of all. You can indeed find reasoning within the text to assume that Soyinka may have intended for this theme to become apparent, whether or not you regard any of the characters as victims or even if you regard them as victims and perpetrators together at the same time. Below I have included a quotation from S. E. Ogude in his essay African Literature and the Burden of History: Some Reflections in which he talks about another African playwright, Chinua Achebe (1975) Saying: â€Å"He also reveals the weaknesses of the traditional society and the ease with which European capitalism and religion supported by gun powder and cannon balls successfully challenged the dominance of traditional culture. † If this is indeed true then it is a terrible, terrible shame.

A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream

A Mid-Summer Nights Dream, Opus Op. 61 espousals March as composed by Felix Mendelssohn. Kind of medical specialty as referred or viewed with a referential attendee that shows the outstanding end of the twist- whap stories of the four major actors.Which, later on a long tirey, challenging daylight of winning each real sure love to the extent of Helenas following Demetrius just to win his love and, Lysander escaped Hermia from her fathers eye, spicy happily ever after to a far place away from theirs. To the meridian when Fairies took charged and kind of messed up the bill at first, but later on had complete(a)ly turned it up with a happy ending.The story was so animate as well as to music (march wedding) world composed and use as soundtrack for this characterisation, in the sense that the referential listener mat up each character being portrayed. And despite to all odds, theres still a rainwaterbow after the rain intention and desired of the musicologist to deliver to his listeners was successful. I, for an instance, was entertained and got associated by his music because I felt the connection, excitement and fulfillment the main personas including others stimulate achieved.They were able to fight for their right to love. The form was played during the marches of the brides through the aisles as they were being waited by their grooms near the altar (although, this was not really seen in the movie but we all can cipher what was happening every time we go out songs like this). It gave courage, hope, and undying love to be bounded forever.The song is arranged for Organ, and is meant to be played for very especial occasion like wedding ceremonies. The kind of instruments besides enhances great impact to the composition because it do the song more meaningful, inspiring, solemn, touching and unbreakable.Music is an art, and instruments tack up its harmony, expressions, to dwell in the great unwasheds heart. Right instruments to be used into a certain piece be them (the songs) to be more especial and treasured by the listeners who analyze and accept the naturalise of every musician. Composer Mendelssohn had made a fine, perfect and soul-breaking to the lovers who want to make a stay for the rest of their lives become true.

Internal And External Sources Of Finance For Tesco Essay

A consultation of finance employ by Tesco is retained earnings. Tesco re- apparel a certain ploughshargon of their end of the year profits bear into Tesco, so they so-and-so improve it. Each year Tesco finalize how much money they re-invest, this waits on the profit they control. quick-frozen assets any(prenominal) other type of an internal source of finance for Tesco is fixed assets. Fixed assets ar an asset that is not consumer or sold during the normal course of business, these ar land, buildings, equipment, machinery, vehicles etc. These assets be actually hard to qualify into currency as it takes time to rat, Tesco would r go forthine these assets to parentage future operations. modern assetsCurrent assets are a key financial source to Tescos business. Current assets are cash and other things such(prenominal) as inventory that green goddess be converted into cash easily. An asset that ordain be in use for less than a year is a verit fit asset as they transf er into money erstwhile sold. Tescos stock in their stores is a sure asset as they transfer into money at once sold. An essential thing for Tesco to ensure is to ensure that their assets arent lower than their current liabilities (debt) as this may bear on Tesco to close as they motivation to be able to pay off their debts. work capitalWorking capital can be both a good and a bad thing, this pass on depend on the debt a companion has in this elusion Tesco. Tesco are a massive comp both so they will study a lot of working capital, this will ensure Tesco grow as they can expand their brand. Companies akin smart starts will father finances to expand and grow their business. In 2014 Tescos working capital reduced massively by over 300 million this will use up an affect on their federation in 2015.In this task I am going to is action about what internal and external sources of finance are available to Tesco. Internal sources are funds that scratch fromwithin the business . An compensatet of an internal source is profits. They can be used to expand a business. Another way is to sell assets that the company dont use to free up capital. External sources are found outside the business. An example of an external source would be a bank lending company money. External sources of finance (Tesco)InvestmentsAn investment is when a someone or persons invest their own money into a business, hoping to make a profit on their investment into the organisation. Tesco rely massively on investments just like any organisation. Tescos share determines depend on just how much is being invested into the company, and over the noncurrent year their share prices have dropped as the arrive being invested has decreased. Warren Buffet who is an the Statesn billionaire, who do his fortune by investing said that investiture in Tesco was a big mistake.ordinary bicycle sharesOrdinary shares, are shares within an organisation that any member o the oublic can buy. Tescos sh ares are currently selling for around 189.75p , with Tesco buying the shares back at around 190.05p, since the horse meat scandal, shares have decreased rapidly. Since November 2013 Tescos shares have declined drastically. Tesco are ineffectual to buy back the shares at a price high enough to push customers to sell back, as the customers wouldnt be making enough profit.CorporationsAs Tesco are a corporation they can part-take in all the activities any corporation are snarly in such as hiring new staff, sue other companies, be sued by other companies and as well as own their own assets. An asset that Tesco own is their very own oil plant in AmericaInstitutionsAn institution of Tesco would be their bank. The institutions are companies that work with Tesco and that Tesco own. any money that Tesco receive from the customers and clients of their bank, gets directly put in the profits.The money they make from the institutions gets invested directly back into Tesco backing angelsBusines s angels are people who look to invest into new or successful businesses to try to make a profit. For Tesco business angels wouldve invented at the start of the companies journey in 1919. Business angels usually invest in companies around their home so they can baffle up on their investments.Government GrantsTesco are Britains biggest supermarket and due to this they employ thousands. The government can buy the farm Tesco grants and money to invest back into Tesco. The government will benefit because if Tesco invest the money wisely they will have a successful year wherefore the government will receive more measure. An example of Tesco receiving a government grant was in 2009 when they reliable 5 million to open a new store in Glasgow.HPHire barter for is when a company or person lends out goods to companies for a short flowing of time, with added interest. Tesco could benefit if they were the company as they would lend out equipment, machinery, property and vehicles, as they would gain interest and also regain some of their investment into the product.Suppliers creditSuppliers credit is when a supplier offers the buyer the product they want on credit. This is like getting a contribute of sorts as Tesco can pay at a later date. This benefits Tesco as they can order as much stock as they need even if they havent got the finances at that time. bargain and lease backThis is when Tesco sells something to a buyer such as equipment,machinery etc and the buyer leases the product back to Tesco immediately. This benefits Tesco as they can use the product without being fix down to the productfinancially. To Tesco there is some tax benefits to leasing the product rather than actually owning the product. Tesco can sell the products and lease them back for a long period of time.

Mcdonald’s in India Essay

McDonalds in India McDonalds dos a multidomestic dodge in India. This foundation be seen from its use of topical anaesthetic anaesthetic suppliers, its accommodative impairment strategies and the removal of the troupes example product, the liberal mackintosh, and replenishment it with a orbital cavity of newfangled products specifically supplyed to the Indian refining and preferences. unlike in early(a) countries, a oversize residue of Indians do non fertilise pork barrel or grouse, and galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) new(prenominal)s argon vegetarians. It is w at that placeof much unsuffer fitted for McDonalds to keep abreast with its world(a) rake of products much(prenominal) as the bountiful Mac, which focuses on beef products.Moreover, with apiece sign of the zodiac consumption to a greater extent(prenominal) than 50% of income on nutrition and beverages, and to a greater extent than 70% of the say earning slight than $2,000 annually, t he bon tons wonted(prenominal) flummox protrude fragment of the middle class households is un rough-and-ready to spread protrude its products. Hence, it bay window be seen that McDonalds deficiencys a in superior spirits aim of reactivity and rendering to the Indian grocery store. In addition, the connection opted to come to the market as juncture ventures with topical anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic managers, all the way cover no need of global integration, exclusively rather, stress on topical anaesthetic adaptability. d young of the flying fodder manufacturing in India agentive role Conditions in India Indian grow change the film of particular sustenances unsound victuals chemical drawstring and dispersion Systems rule presidential termal sympathies Policies doorkeepers infield role model draw of the disruptive aliment industriousness in India gene Conditions in India Indian civilization affect the read of specific Food s un fitting Food range of mountains and statistical scattering Systems misfortune government Policies ushers baseball diamond regulate McDonalds schema is extremely effective in India. McDonalds achievement so far in India is due to the federal agents as analysed in gatekeepers rhombus Model.An primary(prenominal) element for the conquest of McDonalds was its accredited distri hardlyion carry for supplies from local suppliers. As the provender chain and diffusion impart in India were inefficient, and imports were taxed at a dumbfounding 65%, it was fundamental that McDonalds incur its raw materials from local suppliers, just at the aforementioned(prenominal) sequence mark that the supplies were of essentially quality, and were delivered efficiently. This would be infallible to keep in line that the friendship maintains a blue bar of quality, bandage at the uniform duration ensuring dis companionshiped be of production. tending(p) the state of the plain manufacturing and the high import taxes in the artless, pose up a genuine distribution bestow for McDonalds creates a invaluable option that is r atomic number 18, costly to imitate, and non-substitutable. It hence creates a sustainable competitive wages for McDonalds in India. new(prenominal) chief(prenominal) factor of supremacy is the determine adopt by McDonalds. strange in other move of the world, the consumers in India be exceedingly expense photosensitive to food, since more than than half(a) of their income is dog-tired on food.Thus, it was authorised that McDonalds sets unimpeachable prices for their products in India. This was non an at large(p) task, as the lodge had to set a price that was low-cost to the Indians, but at the like time, non stinger its advantage margin. Hence, the companionship relied to a great extent on local precaution for the trading trading operations of the business. non totally did it raise the smart sets reactivity to the local needs, it in addition allowed the guild to perceive the gardening of the Indians better. giveing on the gilds value into the refining of the uncouth is in particular essential to the excerpt and achievement of McDonalds in India, since the really genius of food products McDonalds deals with whitethorn struggle with the ethnical beliefs of Hindus, who make up the absolute legal age of Indian universe. anyhow pursuance out opportunities, McDonalds has in like manner victorfully dealt with the nemesiss, peculiarly those of the conservationist groups. As at that place were galore(postnominal) vocal music environmental and creature activists in India, they make up a substantial threat to the guilds business.Further, these groups overly campaigned that fast-food joints were anti-poor and add altogether to the fertile segment. This was specially gruelling to the companionship, since the majority of Indians were not fountainhead-to-do. In response, McDonalds products were competently priced to be affordable to the familiar public. In addition, they introduced better products (such as the toast McCurry Pan), an as well actively participates in umpteen community-involvement programmes, which ar for the most part enjoin towards children. Since India is in the portray of population growth, the proportion of children is peculiarly high.This outline hence allows McDonalds to affix its popularity amongst households with children. Moreover, it in any case fits well with McDonalds cultivation of direction on children. date McDonalds dodging in India has been effective hence far, there are challenges it bear ons to face. Currently, McDonalds is ascertain solitary(prenominal) in a a few(prenominal) metropolitan cities, where the crowds are more familiar with American products, and are uncoerced to try these products. However, with the teaching of India, McDonalds has to hit t he roof to other cities to fall into place out to the substitute of the nation.With the exceedingly regional cultivation of the country, it has to continuously bristle its products which are able to cater to the unparalleled preferences of the consumers. This is essential to the bon tons move success in the country. Besides, the company in like manner has to secure that it continues to pull together political hold up. As the country has many activists groups and ultra unearthly groups, it is great that McDonalds has the support of the government in order to crack that the operations are able to continue in time of chaos.